John Gotti is one of the most well known names associated with organized crime in the United States. Gotti was a top figure in the infamous Gambino crime family in New York.

Gotti was born and raised in a poor neighborhood in the South Bronx area of New York City. The disenfranchised Gotti dropped out of high school to join the Gambino crime family, the start of a long career in organized crime.
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Introduction

Most everyone in the United States has some general impression as to what organized crime is, and most of us received that impression from the media. Organized Crime has been widely portrayed in Television shows like “The Sopranos” and movies such as “The Godfather” series.

Thousands of law enforcement officers, district attorneys, and ordinary citizens have had more up close and personal experience with organized crime groups ranging from juvenile street gangs to The Mafia. It is from their experience, and the experiences of organized crime members themselves, that reveals the true picture of organized crime.

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Is racial profiling a method still used by modern law enforcement agencies? Is the practice still officially or unofficially used?

Introduction:

In the 20th and 21st century, law enforcement agencies have established or have been accused of using profiling policies based upon factors including race. These agencies have used crime statistics that show that Black Americans and Latinos have a larger incarceration rate as an attempt to explain the use of profiling.

Public outrage over the use of racial profiling has led most law enforcement agencies to officially abolish the practice. Nonetheless, minorities still claim they are being targeted. Does law enforcement still unofficially practice the use of racial profiling?

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“Discuss the classical experimental design and its relationship to causality.”

Drawing the Parallel

The classical experimental design consists of a researcher, a topic of research, an environment, independent, and dependent variables. Causality is a cause-and-effect relationship. A researcher or research experiment having an effect on the outcome is known as the “Hawthorne Effect”.

The “Hawthorne Effect” Explained

The term “Hawthorne Effect” is taken from an experiment done at the Hawthorne works facility of Western Electric during 1924, to 1927. The researchers experimented with light illumination levels, and attempted to determine the proper amount of illumination necessary to achieve the greatest worker productivity.
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“Why are the principles of science and the ethical guidelines for science so important to research?”

In the entire history of scientific research there has always been some occurrence of misrepresentation of facts for the purposes of defrauding the public and the scientific community. The problem exists today and will likely never cease to exist.

In the 1960’s and 1970’s, in the United States, Tobacco Manufacturers conducted studies on the addictive nature of nicotine. These studies concluded that the substance nicotine in tobacco is indeed highly addictive (Rodu, 1995). The resulting suppression of the results of these studies from the public and the government, and outright denial was a serious ethical and legal mistake that has resulted in many lawsuits, settlements, fines, and other government actions in the 1980’s and 1990’s.
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NBC’s TV program “To catch a preditor” starring Chris Hanson is with out a doubt a popular show. Since my TiVO suggestions know I like crime shows it often appears in my listed of recorded programs. It’s the kind of show where it’s hard not to watch because lets face it - we love to watch dysfunction on television to escape the dysfunction of our own lives. Call it the Jerry Springer effect.

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The federal government and some state governments have adopted sentencing guidelines. These guidelines can either be suggestions or mandatory rules in handing down sentences.

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